General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE): Measuring Your Core Belief in Coping with Challenges

The General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), developed by Schwarzer and Jerusalem in 1995, is one of the most widely used instruments for measuring optimistic self-beliefs in coping with life demands. This article provides a comprehensive introduction to its theoretical foundation, dimensional structure, and practical applications, along with a free 10-item test.