Can you spot 12 common thinking traps? From confirmation bias to sunk cost fallacy — recognize the cognitive biases that shape your everyday decisions.

What Are Cognitive Biases?

Cognitive biases are systematic patterns of deviation from normative rational judgment. Since Kahneman & Tversky's influential research in the 1970s, psychologists have identified over 100 distinct cognitive biases.

Why Do We Have Biases?

The human brain uses two thinking systems:

  • System 1: Fast, intuitive, automatic (drives ~95% of daily decisions)
  • System 2: Slow, rational, energy-intensive
Cognitive biases mostly arise from System 1 heuristics — mental shortcuts the brain uses to save energy. They're usually helpful, but can lead to systematic errors in specific situations.

How to Reduce Bias

1. Awareness — acknowledging your biases is the first step 2. Slow down — give System 2 time to engage 3. Seek disconfirming evidence — fight confirmation bias 4. Use checklists — systematize your decisions

References

Kahneman, D. (2011). *Thinking, Fast and Slow*. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. *Science*, 185(4157), 1124-1131.

> Note: This quiz is for科普 purposes only and cannot replace professional cognitive assessment or psychological diagnosis.

Scoring Guide

12-question科普 quiz. Each question describes a cognitive bias scenario; pick the correct bias name.

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